Author: Mr. Prabhakar Singh Tiwari
Volume: 01
First Online: 31 August 2024
Pages: 282-301
DOI:

Narcotic antagonists, such as nalorphine hydrochloride, levallorphan tartrate, and naloxone hydrochloride, are used to counteract the effects of opioid overdose by competitively binding to opioid receptors, reversing the respiratory depression and sedation caused by narcotic analgesics. Naloxone is particularly crucial in emergency settings for its rapid action in reversing life-threatening opioid effects. Anti-inflammatory agents, including NSAIDs and other analgesics, are vital for managing pain and inflammation. Sodium salicylate and aspirin, classic NSAIDs, inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis, inflammation, and pain. Mefenamic acid and meclofenamate are used for their potent antiinflammatory and analgesic properties, often in conditions like arthritis. Indomethacin, sulindac, and tolmetin are powerful anti-inflammatory agents used for chronic inflammatory diseases. Diclofenac and ketorolac provide effective pain relief and are commonly used in postoperative and musculoskeletal pain. Ibuprofen and naproxen, popular over-the-counter NSAIDs, are widely used for mild to moderate pain and inflammation. Piroxicam offers long-acting anti-inflammatory effects, making it useful in chronic conditions. Acetaminophen, while primarily an analgesic and antipyretic with minimal anti-inflammatory action, is essential for pain relief when NSAIDs are contraindicated.