Author: Dr. Bhuneshwari Nayak)
Volume: 01
First Online: 2026
Pages: 113-195
DOI:

This unit presents a detailed study of algae, covering their classification, morphology, cellular organization, reproduction, life cycles, and ecological significance. It describes the diversity of algal forms, including unicellular, colonial, filamentous, siphonaceous, and parenchymatous thalli, together with their distribution in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The unit explains the structural organization of algal cells, photosynthetic pigments, reserve food materials, and methods of vegetative, asexual, and sexual reproduction. It also discusses the classification of algae based on pigmentation, cell wall composition, and reproductive characteristics. Furthermore, the economic and ecological importance of algae in food, pharmaceuticals, biofertilizers, wastewater treatment, oxygen production, and biotechnology is highlighted. This unit provides a strong foundation for understanding algal diversity, ecological roles, and industrial applications in environmental and biological sciences.