Author: Dr. Surya Prakash Gupta
Volume: 01
First Online: 31 August 2024
Pages: 306-309
DOI:

Optical immunoassays are a category of immunoassays that utilize optical signals for the detection and quantification of antigens or antibodies in a sample. The principle of optical immunoassays is based on the interaction between light and the immune complexes formed during the assay. Typically, these assays employ labels such as fluorescent, chemiluminescent, or colorimetric molecules that emit light or change color in response to the binding of the target antigen and antibody. The procedure generally involves immobilizing the capture antibody on a solid surface, adding the sample containing the antigen, and then introducing a detection antibody conjugated with an optical label. Upon binding, the label produces a detectable signal, which is measured using optical detection instruments like spectrophotometers or fluorescence microscopes. The main advantage of optical immunoassays is their high sensitivity and ability to provide real-time, quantitative results. Additionally, they are relatively simple to perform and do not require the use of hazardous materials like radioisotopes. Optical immunoassays are extensively used in clinical diagnostics for the detection of infectious diseases, monitoring hormone levels, and identifying cancer biomarkers. They are also valuable in environmental testing for detecting pollutants and in food safety for identifying contaminants. The combination of high sensitivity, specificity, and safety makes optical immunoassays a widely adopted technology in various fields.