{"id":6014,"date":"2024-09-03T09:05:39","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T09:05:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demopublication.edutechy.xyz\/?p=6014"},"modified":"2025-04-26T10:15:12","modified_gmt":"2025-04-26T10:15:12","slug":"chapter-15-antipsychotics-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/2024\/09\/03\/chapter-15-antipsychotics-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 15: Antipsychotics-I"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-right:20px;--awb-padding-left:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-font-size:16px;\"><p><strong>Author:<\/strong> Mr. Abu Tahir<br \/>\n<strong>Volume:<\/strong> 01<br \/>\n<strong>First Online:<\/strong> 31 August 2024<br \/>\n<strong>Pages:<\/strong> 193-208<br \/>\n<strong>DOI:<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:0;font-size:1em;\">Abstract<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"align-self: flex-start;margin-right:auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;max-width:8%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:var(--awb-custom_color_1);border-color:var(--awb-custom_color_1);border-top-width:3px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-font-size:16px;--awb-text-font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;;--awb-text-font-style:normal;--awb-text-font-weight:400;\"><p>Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics, are drugs used to manage psychosis, particularly in conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They are classified into typical (first-generation) and atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics. The primary mechanism of action involves dopamine receptor antagonism, particularly at the D2 receptor, which helps to reduce symptoms of psychosis by modulating dopamine activity in the brain. Phenothiazines, a class of typical antipsychotics, have a three-ring structure essential for their activity. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of phenothiazines shows that substitutions on the nitrogen atom and the aromatic ring affect their potency and side effects. Promazine hydrochloride and chlorpromazine hydrochloride are early phenothiazines known for their efficacy but also for sedation and anticholinergic effects. Triflupromazine, thioridazine hydrochloride, piperacetazine hydrochloride, prochlorperazine maleate, and trifluoperazine hydrochloride offer variations in efficacy and side effect profiles, with modifications in their side chains enhancing specific therapeutic outcomes. Ring analogues of phenothiazines, such as chlorprothixene and thiothixene, modify the central ring structure, providing similar antipsychotic effects with potentially different side effect profiles. Loxapine succinate and clozapine represent a further evolution, with clozapine being particularly noted for its efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia and its reduced risk of extrapyramidal side effects. These agents illustrate the diversity and complexity of antipsychotic drug development, balancing efficacy with side effect management.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Antipsychotics, Neuroleptics, Psychosis Management, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Typical Antipsychotics<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[142],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medicinal-chemistry-i"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6014"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6014\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7373,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6014\/revisions\/7373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}