{"id":6018,"date":"2024-09-03T09:08:58","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T09:08:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demopublication.edutechy.xyz\/?p=6018"},"modified":"2025-04-26T10:14:37","modified_gmt":"2025-04-26T10:14:37","slug":"chapter-17-anticonvulsants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/2024\/09\/03\/chapter-17-anticonvulsants\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 17: Anticonvulsants"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-right:20px;--awb-padding-left:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-font-size:16px;\"><p><strong>Author:<\/strong> Ms. Shikha Singh<br \/>\n<strong>Volume:<\/strong> 01<br \/>\n<strong>First Online:<\/strong> 31 August 2024<br \/>\n<strong>Pages:<\/strong> 220-248<br \/>\n<strong>DOI:<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:0;font-size:1em;\">Abstract<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"align-self: flex-start;margin-right:auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;max-width:8%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:var(--awb-custom_color_1);border-color:var(--awb-custom_color_1);border-top-width:3px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-font-size:16px;--awb-text-font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;;--awb-text-font-style:normal;--awb-text-font-weight:400;\"><p>Anticonvulsants, also known as antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), are medications used to prevent and control seizures in various types of epilepsy. They are classified based on their chemical structure and mechanisms of action into several categories, including barbiturates, hydantoins, oxazolidinediones, succinimides, urea and monoacylureas, benzodiazepines, and miscellaneous agents. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of anticonvulsants involves specific modifications to their core structures to enhance their efficacy and reduce toxicity. These drugs generally work by stabilizing neuronal membranes, inhibiting excitatory neurotransmission, or enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission. Barbiturates like phenobarbitone and methabarbital enhance GABAergic inhibition, while hydantoins such as phenytoin, mephenytoin, and ethotoin act by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, preventing seizure propagation. Oxazolidinediones, including trimethadione and paramethadione, and succinimides like phensuximide, methsuximide, and ethosuximide, are effective in treating absence seizures by modulating T-type calcium channels. Urea derivatives such as phenacemide and carbamazepine inhibit sodium channels, with carbamazepine being widely used for various seizure types. Benzodiazepines like clonazepam enhance GABA activity, providing potent anticonvulsant effects. Miscellaneous agents like primidone, valproic acid, gabapentin, and felbamate have diverse mechanisms, including enhancing GABAergic activity and inhibiting excitatory neurotransmitters, making them versatile in treating different forms of epilepsy. These varied mechanisms and structural modifications underscore the complexity and effectiveness of anticonvulsant therapies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Anticonvulsants, Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs), Seizures, Epilepsy, Barbiturates, Hydantoins, Oxazolidinediones, Succinimides<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[142],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medicinal-chemistry-i"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6018","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6018"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6018\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7371,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6018\/revisions\/7371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6018"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}