{"id":7861,"date":"2026-08-05T06:21:52","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T06:21:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/?p=7861"},"modified":"2026-08-05T06:31:29","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T06:31:29","slug":"chapter-1-chromosomes-and-nucleic-acids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/05\/chapter-1-chromosomes-and-nucleic-acids\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 1: Chromosomes and Nucleic Acids"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-right:20px;--awb-padding-left:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-font-size:16px;\"><p><strong>Author: <\/strong>Ms. Pushplata Kanwar<br \/>\n<strong>Volume: <\/strong>01<br \/>\n<strong>First Online: <\/strong>2026<br \/>\n<strong>Pages: <\/strong>1-73<br \/>\n<strong>DOI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:0;font-size:1em;\">Abstract<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"align-self: flex-start;margin-right:auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;max-width:8%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:var(--awb-custom_color_1);border-color:var(--awb-custom_color_1);border-top-width:3px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-font-size:16px;--awb-text-font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;;--awb-text-font-style:normal;--awb-text-font-weight:400;\"><p>This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of chromosomes and nucleic acids, emphasizing their structural organization, biological functions, and significance in heredity, gene regulation, and molecular biology. It begins with the structure and classification of chromosomes, including chromatin organization, nucleosomes, the solenoid model, and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes. The chapter further explains chromosome morphology, centromere-based classification, sex chromosomes, autosomes, supernumerary chromosomes, and specialized chromosome types. It discusses the role of histone proteins and their post-translational modifications in chromatin remodeling and epigenetic regulation. The structural and functional aspects of DNA and RNA are presented in detail, including nucleotide composition, the Watson\u2013Crick model of DNA, alternative DNA conformations (A-, B-, and Z-DNA), plasmid DNA, genomic DNA, repetitive DNA, DNA polymorphisms, and epigenetic modifications. In addition, the chapter describes the diverse classes of RNA, RNA interference mechanisms, CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology, and the molecular basis of mutations and chromosomal aberrations. Overall, the chapter establishes a strong foundation for understanding genome organization, gene regulation, molecular genetics, biotechnology, and modern biomedical research.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[154],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7861","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-molecular-biology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7861"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7862,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7861\/revisions\/7862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}