{"id":7880,"date":"2026-08-05T07:08:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T07:08:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/?p=7880"},"modified":"2026-08-05T07:08:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T07:08:19","slug":"chapter-2-bacteria-and-cyanobacteria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/05\/chapter-2-bacteria-and-cyanobacteria\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 2: Bacteria and Cyanobacteria"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-right:20px;--awb-padding-left:20px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-font-size:16px;\"><p><strong>Author: <\/strong>Dr. Rachana Choudhary<br \/>\n<strong>Volume: <\/strong>01<br \/>\n<strong>First Online: <\/strong>2026<br \/>\n<strong>Pages: <\/strong>65-112<br \/>\n<strong>DOI:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:0;font-size:1em;\">Abstract<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"align-self: flex-start;margin-right:auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;max-width:8%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:var(--awb-custom_color_1);border-color:var(--awb-custom_color_1);border-top-width:3px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-content-alignment:justify;--awb-font-size:16px;--awb-text-font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;;--awb-text-font-style:normal;--awb-text-font-weight:400;\"><p>This unit focuses on the structure, classification, physiology, and biological importance of bacteria and cyanobacteria. It discusses bacterial morphology, cell organization, cell wall structure, flagella, pili, capsule, reproduction, nutrition, and<br \/>\nclassification, along with their ecological, industrial, and medical significance. The unit also explains Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, bacterial growth, and genetic recombination. In addition, it introduces cyanobacteria as photosynthetic<br \/>\nprokaryotes, describing their cellular organization, pigments, reproduction, classification, nitrogen fixation, and ecological role. Special emphasis is placed on the contribution of cyanobacteria to soil fertility, oxygen production, and sustainable agriculture through biofertilization. The unit provides essential knowledge of prokaryotic microorganisms and their applications in agriculture, biotechnology, environmental management, and public health, enabling students to understand their diversity, physiology, and significance in natural ecosystems.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[159],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-microbes-anthallophyta-diversity"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7880"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7880\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7883,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7880\/revisions\/7883"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sproutpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}