Author: Mrs. Savita Chandrawanshi
Volume: 01
First Online: 2026
Pages: 1-71
DOI:https://doi.org/10.63785/978-81-685195-6-5/01

Abstract

Biochemistry is the branch of science that explains the chemical basis of life by studying biomolecules and metabolic processes occurring within living organisms. This chapter focuses on carbohydrates, highlighting their classification into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, along with their chemical structure, physical and chemical properties, and biological significance. It describes the role of carbohydrates as the primary source of energy, storage molecules, and structural components essential for normal cellular functions. The chapter further discusses major carbohydrate metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain, the pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and the Cori cycle, emphasizing their contribution to ATP production and maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Understanding these biochemical processes provides a strong foundation for comprehending normal physiology, disease mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, nutrition, and the development of therapeutic and biotechnological applications.