Author: Dr. Madhu Gupta
Volume: 01
First Online: 31 August 2024
Pages: 192-212
DOI:

Abstract

The urinary system plays a vital role in maintaining body homeostasis through urine formation, which involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion within the nephrons of the kidneys. The micturition reflex is a complex process involving the coordination of the bladder and nervous system, allowing for the controlled release of urine. The kidneys also regulate acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate, crucial for maintaining blood pH. The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is essential in blood pressure regulation and fluid balance, with the kidneys playing a central role by releasing renin. Disorders of the kidneys, such as chronic kidney disease, nephritis, and kidney stones, can significantly impair these functions, leading to systemic health issues. Understanding the physiology of urine formation, the micturition reflex, acid-base balance, and the role of RAS is crucial for diagnosing and treating kidney-related disorders.

Keywords: Urine formation, Glomerular filtration, Micturition reflex, Acid-base balance, Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), chronic kidney disease.