Author:Dr. Richa Mishra
Volume: 01
First Online: 2026
Pages:107-186
DOI: https://doi.org/10.63785/978-81-903392-7-8/04

Abstract

Industrial microbiology integrates microbiology, biochemistry, and biochemical engineering to develop large-scale production systems for pharmaceuticals, food products, agricultural inputs, and microbial biomass. This chapter presents the principles and industrial applications of microbial fermentation with emphasis on the production of antibiotics, single-cell protein (SCP), mushrooms, biofertilizers, and biopesticides. It explains the historical development, microbial strains, fermentation strategies, bioreactor design, downstream processing, and commercial significance of these bioproducts. Streptomycin production is discussed as a classical model of secondary metabolite
fermentation using Streptomyces griseus, highlighting process optimization and recovery techniques.
The chapter also explores SCP production from bacteria, yeast, fungi, and algae as a sustainable solution to global protein deficiency. Mushroom cultivation is described through both traditional and submerged fermentation approaches, emphasizing mycelial growth and environmental control.
Furthermore, the role of biofertilizers in nutrient mobilization and biological nitrogen fixation, along with the importance of biopesticides in environmentally friendly pest management, is comprehensively examined. Collectively, these technologies demonstrate how microorganisms can convert inexpensive renewable resources into high-value products while supporting sustainable agriculture, food security, environmental protection, and modern biotechnology-based industrial development for future generations.