Plants form the foundation of life on Earth and play a crucial role in sustaining ecosystems, agriculture, industry, and human civilization. The study of plant physiology provides an understanding of the fundamental life processes occurring within plants, while economic botany explores the immense value of plants as sources of food, medicine, fibers, beverages, timber, and numerous industrial products. Together, these disciplines offer a comprehensive perspective on the biological significance and practical utility of plant resources.

The present book, “Plant Physiology and Economic Botany: Principles, Processes and Applications,” has been developed in accordance with the latest undergraduate curriculum for Bachelor of Life Sciences and Botany Honours programs. The content has been carefully organized into four units covering Plant-Water Relations and Mineral Nutrition, Photosynthesis and Lipid Metabolism, Respiration and Nitrogen Metabolism, and Economic Botany. Each topic is presented in a systematic and student-friendly manner to facilitate conceptual understanding and practical application.

Special emphasis has been placed on integrating classical concepts with recent advances in plant sciences. The book highlights physiological mechanisms that govern plant growth and development, alongside the economic importance of cultivated plants and plant-derived products. Numerous examples, illustrations, tables, and review questions have been incorporated to enhance learning and encourage critical thinking.

This textbook aims to serve not only undergraduate students but also postgraduate learners, researchers, and educators seeking a concise yet comprehensive resource in plant sciences. It is hoped that this book will inspire students to appreciate the complexity of plant life and recognize the vital role plants play in environmental sustainability and human welfare.Constructive suggestions from readers and colleagues for further improvement of future editions will be gratefully acknowledged.