Author: Ms. Neha Goel
Volume: 01
First Online: 31 August 2024
Pages: 224-234
DOI:

Abstract

The pituitary gland, known as the “master gland,” regulates various physiological processes by secreting hormones that influence growth, metabolism, and reproduction. It has two lobes: the anterior lobe produces hormones like growth hormone and ACTH, while the posterior lobe releases oxytocin and ADH. Disorders of the pituitary, such as acromegaly or diabetes insipidus, result from hormonal imbalances. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) that regulate metabolism. Thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, can significantly impact energy levels and metabolic function. The parathyroid glands, small glands behind the thyroid, secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is crucial for calcium homeostasis. Disorders like hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism disrupt calcium balance, leading to bone, muscle, and nerve issues. Understanding the functions and disorders of the pituitary, thyroid, and parathyroid glands is vital for diagnosing and treating endocrine system diseases.

Keywords: Pituitary gland, Growth hormone, Thyroid hormones (T4, T3), Parathyroid hormone (PTH), Hyperthyroidism, Calcium homeostasis.