Author: Mr. Satyendra Garg
Volume: 01
First Online: 31 August 2024
Pages: 82-90
DOI:

Abstract

The digestive system’s gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a vital role in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients. The stomach, a key organ in the GI tract, is a muscular sac that initiates digestion by secreting gastric juices. Its anatomy includes the fundus, body, and pylorus, each contributing to the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. The stomach produces acid (HCl) primarily in the parietal cells, aiding in food digestion and creating an acidic environment for enzyme activation. Acid production is regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system, specifically through the release of acetylcholine, which stimulates gastric secretion. Pepsin, an enzyme activated by stomach acid, is crucial for protein digestion, breaking proteins down into peptides. The small intestine, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, continues the digestive process by absorbing nutrients through its highly folded surface, which increases contact with digested food. Together, these structures ensure efficient digestion and nutrient absorption, supporting the body’s metabolic needs.

Keywords: Digestive system, Gastrointestinal tract, Stomach, Gastric juices, Anatomy, Fundus, Body, Pylorus, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Parietal cells, Acid production, Parasympathetic nervous system.