Author: Radha Sharma
Volume: 01
First Online: 2026
Pages:1-44
DOI: https://doi.org/10.63785/978-81-685195-3-4/01

Abstract

This chapter introduces biochemistry as the science that explains the molecular basis of life and the chemical processes occurring within living organisms. It highlights the scope and applications of biochemistry in medicine, pharmacy, biotechnology, agriculture, and environmental science. The chapter discusses the chemical composition of living cells, including water, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and explains their biological importance. It further describes the classification and functions of carbohydrates, followed by the major pathways of energy metabolism, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain. The structure, synthesis, and biological role of ATP as the universal energy currency are also explained. Overall, the chapter provides a strong foundation for understanding cellular metabolism, energy production, and biochemical processes essential for
life.